Thursday, December 6, 2012

Enterprise Story--Student Loans in a Bad Economy



College-goers: Look before you leap

 

The alarming rate at which the national student loan debt is increasing indicates the pressure on college graduates for finding long-term work and current students to finish degrees.  

While the job market has become more competitive in recent years, students are finding they need to explore all their options—schools, degrees, internships, the MACRAO agreement, scholarships, relocation—upon enrollment because mistakes and misinformation cost a great deal of time and money in the end. 

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Every Monday and Wednesday morning this fall, students registered in GPLN 215 have gathered at Eastern Michigan University for an introduction course in urban and regional planning.  

For those who don’t know, urban planning is listed as one of the greatest jobs for the 21st century by several outlets—Money Magazine, CNN and US News & World Report. The selections were based on employment growth, salaries and job satisfaction.  

To understand how much students in GPLN 215 knew about their desired careers, they were recently asked to participate in an anonymous survey.  

The questions were as follows: 1) What are you seeking a degree in? 2) What do you plan to do with your degree? Do you have a specific job in mind? 3) If your career requires you to relocate, do you know where? Could you see yourself relocating in the future? 4) How much money do you intend to make?

The results were grim. Out of 24 students who completed surveys, two thirds were undecided about a degree (meaning, they either categorized themselves as ‘undeclared’ or listed several different ideas). Almost half miscalculated their future salaries (some were off by as much as $20,000). Finally, the majority expressed interest in moving out of state but only six had locations in mind.  

Research and graduates agree that when it comes to decisions about school, students need to do their research.

Read up on colleges

Tuition and fees at community colleges are about 64 percent lower than those of 4-year universities.
 
At one time, the term college bound referred to students at 4-year institutions with ivy-covered buildings. That image has changed, though. 

Community colleges, for example, are attracting people from all backgrounds, with all skill levels. With reputations for accessibility, affordability, and diversity of programs and services, community colleges are enrolling nearly half of all U.S. undergraduates. 

“I wish I would’ve studied more before I got to (Berklee College of Music) and then I could’ve spent less time there and less money,” said Travis Root, who spent his first two years at Lansing Community College (LCC). “Or, I wish I would’ve looked into some other schools like McNally Smith, which is a little cheaper. That’s where (my friend) is going and he’s saving $8,000 a year.”

The average in-district cost per credit hour at community colleges is $85.76, while average out-of-district cost per credit hour is $141.87. Tuition and fees are about 64 percent lower than those of 4-year universities. Michigan has 28 public community colleges. Nationwide, the total is 1,132.

But besides cost efficiency, why is this so important now?

People who don’t get some kind of postsecondary education are quickly falling out of the American middle class. At least 57 percent of job openings from 2006-2016 in the United States are projected to require some postsecondary education, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. There are two main reasons for this: Many lower-skilled jobs are being shipped overseas, and computers do a lot of the mundane, repetitive work now. What's left? The complex tasks that require people to work together and solve problems. 

Peter Klebba, a graduate of Kettering University, promotes community colleges as well. 

“It’s a cheaper way to get the same class—it’s a fraction of the cost.” 

But the 26-year-old is still glad to have graduated from a well-known institution. 

“I knew how much it was going to cost, but it’s worth it,” Klebba said. “I’m at the point where my bosses could start offering me two weeks of vacation, dental, medical… Big-name colleges cost a lot, but the name is a golden ticket.” 

Klebba earned his bachelor's in chemical engineering and recently became employed with Chrysler.

In all cases, it’s best to inquire about several schools, then narrow down the list based on personal, but realistic expectations. Talking one-on-one with an adviser or an upperclassman, scheduling campus tours and researching the MACRAO transfer agreement are just a few ways of how someone can find out what a college is really like. Click here to enter The College Board, a website for college prep.

Research your future career

Classesandcareers.com, for example, is a useful online tool. Operated by educated researchers and reporters with backgrounds in writing and teaching, the website promises to provide students with information to make informed decisions about their career. 

Click on the different pages of links and viewers will land on topics such as, “10 Ways Moms Can Make Online College Work for Them” and “5 Reasons You Should Have an HTML Resume.” The following excerpts come from “42 Fun & Interesting Statistics for College Students:”


The average number of college graduates per year is 1,750,000. Close behind, the number of dropouts is 1,125,000. A student’s first job out of college will typically earn them $20 per hour ($9 per hour more than what they earned while in school). Graduates earn $20,000 more per year than people with high school diplomas. The average income of an associate’s degree graduate is $37,000 per year. A bachelor’s degree graduate earns $47,000 while a master’s degree graduate makes $49,000, and a Ph.D. degree graduate makes $51,250.

“Not everything was always clear to me when I was going to college,” said Karly Miller, a former student of Baker College. “I wish I did a lot of things different.” 

Ever wondered the value of certain popular jobs? The average income of a psychologist is $82,386/yr. Social workers and business administrators make half that—$49,573 and $43,022. A computer network administrator generally makes $52,525/yr. 

For more detailed information, look up the Bureau of Labor Statistics:


Every year, the U.S. Department of Labor releases a report called, National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates. These estimates are calculated with data collected from employers in all industry sectors in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas in every State and the District of Columbia.

First, the information is sorted by occupation, with major groups in bold. For example, if someone scanning the chart saw “internist” and wanted to know more, clicking on the link would open up an occupational profile explaining everything from the definition of an internist to employment per 1,000 jobs to mean hourly/annual wage. Industries with the highest level of employment for the occupation are available, as well as a color-coded map (part of a geographic profile that points out where internists are most employable). 

“I’m not too big on moving out of state,” said Eric Christie. 

It’s been almost a year since the 22-year-old graduated from Specs Howard and he’s worried relocating is the only way he’ll find work in his career, graphic design. 

“I’ve emailed people at school and no one has really helped,” Christie said. “I don’t really know what to do. I didn’t know it was going to be this hard.”  

Don’t get swallowed by loans

According to the Chronicle of Higher Education, nearly 20 million Americans attend college each year. Of that 20 million, close to 12 million—60 percent—borrow annually to help cover costs.

“When I took out (student loans) because everybody just said, ‘Don’t worry about it. Take them out. Go to school,’” said Root, who still owes close to $70,000. “And then I got out of school and I was like, ‘Now what do I do?’” 

The average college student’s debt after graduation is $23,700. Average monthly payments are $432. 

“If your parents can pay for college, then let them do it,” Root stated. “You really need to look into scholarships, and student loans should be an absolute last resort. The interest rates are crazy. By the time I get done with the 10-year program, I probably will have paid $200,000.” 

Student loans account for the most common form of increasing debt among ages 18-24. Conversely, there is $902 billion in total outstanding student loan debt in the U.S. today. In fact, $85 billion is past due, reported the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (FRBNY). Approximately 37 million student loan borrowers have outstanding student loans. 

What this means for future borrowers? Like students whom have borrowed in the past, they can expect tough rules for paying back student loans, and penalties to be even worse. 


According to FinAid, a student guide to financial aid, if students do not make any payments on their federal student loans for 270-360 days and do not make special arrangements with their lender to get a deferment or forbearance, their loans will be in default. Defaulting on student loans has a number of serious consequences including, the student can be sued for the entire amount of their loan, wages may be garnished and federal and state income tax refunds may be intercepted. Also, defaulted loans will appear on a credit history for up to 7 years. Students who do not repay their loan in full or make arrangements to repay what they already owe cannot receive any more federal financial aid. 

“Loans are a necessary evil,” said Klebba, who took out close to $100,000 in loans. “They make it possible for students to get where they need to go outside of their financial reach but, until you can pay that debt off, you’re financially chained.”

Being about 10-20 years younger than the rest of his siblings and one of the few in his family who attended college, Klebba said he knew nothing about student loans until he was already racking up bills. 

“(Student loans) should be a high school class,” Kebba. “More people need to learn how they work and to not take them out excessively.” 

Manage your budget

Internships, according to the latest statistics, are the smart way college students can prepare themselves for the line of work they're most interested in. It’s a way to work and learn. Internships tend to have more flexible schedules than normal jobs but only some are paid.

The most obvious advantage, however, is the potential for full-time employment following graduation. According to the National Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE) new graduates who had participated in internships did far better in the job market than their classmates who did not have experience. 

In 2008 employers extended job offers to nearly 70 percent of their interns, up from 57 percent in 2001.

Oakland Livingston Legal Aid usually sees about 36 interns a year. 

“We hire mostly from (Michigan State University) College of Law and Cooley Law School since they’re in our area, but anyone with a legal background is eligible,” said Office Manager Jane Martineau. 

The interns work 12 hours per week over two semesters unpaid. 

“Usually people just want the experience,” Martineau said. “Sometimes we’ll offer part-time jobs after the internship, but it depends on the number of interns we have. If we have 36 interns working on the hotline, we don’t need them. But (rehires) are good for training.” 

Some tips for finding internships are: narrow down the field, choose a location, have a resume ready, get ready for the interview, get necessary papers organized, and most importantly, create a realistic budget. 

Studies show a majority of students at four-year colleges say they routinely feel at least a little worried about having enough money for the week. In fact, 84 percent say they need more than one source of cash to keep up (Stanford University). Seventy-eight percent of undergraduates work while they are enrolled, spending almost 30 hours per week at work (The American Council on Education). Keep in mind, though, working too much is one of the leading reasons for high drop-out rates. With the cost of living on the rise, and parents unable to help as much as they once could, students need to spend as little as possible (on everyday items as well as student loans) before their in over their heads.

Most scholarships, even though they take some time to fill out, are worth $2,000. According to recent findings, applying for at least 10 scholarships will save students more time in the end and pay off their student loans quicker than working full-time.

“I think that’s why I couldn’t find an internship while I was in school—I was so busy working,” said Karly Miller, a former student of Baker College who first studied vet technician at MSU.  “I took out $14,000 of loans and when I had to quit going for personal reasons, I was forced to keep up with payments,” Miller stated. “I called the loan company up, told them my situation, and got them referred. Now that I have a reliable car and everything sorted out, I’d love to go back and get a business degree.” 

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Looking back, people have often said the “four years of college” are all a part of a learning experience. However, Education Trust found those four years are quickly turning into five--only 37 percent of first-time freshmen who enter four-year bachelor's degree programs actually complete their degrees within four years. Another 26 percent take either five or six years, and the remaining 37 percent either don't get their degrees at all or complete their coursework in more than six years.

Most students are changing their major at least once during their time at college. The reason behind this is that they're often pressured into choosing something they might not be sure they want to pursue. Rushing decisions never helps either. 

It's no secret, mistakes and misinformation play large roles in the explanation behind students borrowing loads of money from loaners every year. Over time, these choices force graduates to pay off debt slowly, and some have even committed suicide. 

"It's a part of growing up," Miller said. "You have to figure out what's best for you but do it in a way that'll make sense for your future because once you get into it, you can't really take it back."



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